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Hindu Astrology Knowing the Guy You Attract

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South-Asian, specifically Indian, version of the pseudoscience of Astrology

Jyotisha or Jyotishya (from Sanskrit jyotiṣa , from jyót "lite, heavenly trunk" and ish - from Isvara or God) is the traditional Hindu system of star divination, besides known every bit Hindu astrology, Indian astrology and more recently Vedic astrology. The term Hindu star divination has been in use as the English equivalent of Jyotiṣa since the early 19th century, whereas Vedic astrology is a relatively recent term, entering common usage in the 1970s with self-help publications on Āyurveda or yoga.

The Vedanga Jyotisha is one of the primeval texts virtually astronomy within the Vedas.[1] [two] [three] [4] Some scholars believe that the horoscopic star divination good in the Indian subcontinent came from Hellenistic influences,[5] [vi] still, this is a point of intense debate and other scholars believe that Jyotisha developed independently although it may have interacted with Greek star divination.[seven]

Following a judgement of the Andhra Pradesh Loftier Court in 2001 which favoured astrology, some Indian universities now offer advanced degrees in Hindu astrology. The scientific consensus is that astrology is a pseudoscience.[viii] [ix] [x] [11] [12]

Etymology [edit]

Jyotisha, states Monier-Williams, is rooted in the word Jyotish, which means light, such as that of the sun or the moon or heavenly torso. The term Jyotisha includes the study of astronomy, star divination and the science of timekeeping using the movements of astronomical bodies.[xiii] [xiv] It aimed to continue time, maintain calendars, and predict auspicious times for Vedic rituals.[thirteen] [fourteen] [15]

History and core principles [edit]

Jyotiṣa is one of the Vedāṅga, the half-dozen auxiliary disciplines used to support Vedic rituals.[16] : 376 Early jyotiṣa is concerned with the preparation of a agenda to determine dates for sacrificial rituals,[16] : 377 with nothing written regarding planets.[16] : 377 There are mentions of eclipse-causing "demons" in the Atharvaveda and Chāndogya Upaniṣad, the latter mentioning Rāhu (a shadow entity believed responsible for eclipses and meteors).[16] : 382 The term graha, which is now taken to mean planet, originally meant demon.[16] : 381 The Ṛigveda likewise mentions an eclipse-causing demon, Svarbhānu, however the specific term graha was not practical to Svarbhānu until the later Mahābhārata and Rāmāyaṇa.[sixteen] : 382

The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas (scriptures), which is the connexion between the microcosm and the macrocosm. Practice relies primarily on the sidereal zodiac, which differs from the tropical zodiac used in Western (Hellenistic) astrology in that an ayanāṁśa adjustment is fabricated for the gradual precession of the vernal equinox. Hindu star divination includes several nuanced sub-systems of estimation and prediction with elements not found in Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions (Nakṣatra). It was just afterward the transmission of Hellenistic astrology that the order of planets in Bharat was fixed in that of the seven-day week.[16] : 383 [17] Hellenistic astrology and astronomy too transmitted the twelve zodiacal signs starting time with Aries and the twelve astrological places beginning with the ascendant.[16] : 384 The outset evidence of the introduction of Greek astrology to Bharat is the Yavanajātaka which dates to the early centuries CE.[16] : 383 The Yavanajātaka (lit. "Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavaneśvara during the second century CE, and is considered the get-go Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit language.[xviii] However the but version that survives is the verse version of Sphujidhvaja which dates to Advertisement 270.[xvi] : 383 The first Indian astronomical text to ascertain the weekday was the Āryabhaṭīya of Āryabhaṭa (born Advertizement 476).[16] : 383

According to Michio Yano, Indian astronomers must have been occupied with the task of Indianizing and Sanskritizing Greek astronomy during the 300 or so years between the kickoff Yavanajataka and the Āryabhaṭīya.[xvi] : 388 The astronomical texts of these 300 years are lost.[16] : 388 The afterward Pañcasiddhāntikā of Varāhamihira summarizes the v known Indian astronomical schools of the 6th century.[16] : 388 Indian astronomy preserved some of the older pre-Ptolemaic elements of Greek astronomy.[16] : 389 [19] [20] [21] [14]

The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra , and Sārāvalī by Kalyāṇavarma . The Horāshastra is a blended work of 71 chapters, of which the commencement part (chapters 1–51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52–71) to the later 8th century.[ citation needed ] The Sārāvalī likewise dates to around 800 CE.[22] English translations of these texts were published by N. N. Krishna Rau and 5. B. Choudhari in 1963 and 1961, respectively.

Modern Hindu astrology [edit]

Nomenclature of the terminal ii centuries

Star divination remains an important facet of folk belief in the contemporary lives of many Hindus. In Hindu culture, newborns are traditionally named based on their jyotiṣa charts (Kundali), and astrological concepts are pervasive in the arrangement of the calendar and holidays, and in making major decisions such every bit those about marriage, opening a new business, or moving into a new dwelling. Many Hindus believe that heavenly bodies, including the planets, take an influence throughout the life of a human existence, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of karma". The Navagraha, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara (the Hindu concept of a supreme being) in the administration of justice. Thus, information technology is believed that these planets can influence earthly life.[23]

Astrology every bit a scientific discipline [edit]

Astrology has been rejected by the scientific customs equally having no explanatory power for describing the universe. Scientific testing of astrology has been conducted, and no prove has been found to support any of the premises or purported furnishings outlined in astrological traditions.[24] : 424 In that location is no mechanism proposed by astrologers through which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth. In spite of its condition equally a pseudoscience, in certain religious, political, and legal contexts, astrology retains a position among the sciences in mod India.[25]

Republic of india'due south Academy Grants Commission and Ministry of Homo Resource Development decided to introduce "Jyotir Vigyan" (i.eastward. jyotir vijñāna ) or "Vedic star divination" as a discipline of written report in Indian universities, stating that "vedic star divination is non but 1 of the main subjects of our traditional and classical knowledge just this is the discipline, which lets us know the events happening in human life and in universe on time scale"[26] in spite of the complete lack of testify that astrology actually does allow for such accurate predictions.[27] The decision was backed by a 2001 judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Courtroom, and some Indian universities offer avant-garde degrees in astrology.[28] [29] This was met with widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists working abroad.[30] A petition sent to the Supreme Court of India stated that the introduction of star divination to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards, undermining whatever scientific credibility the land has achieved so far".[26]

In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed the petition,[31] [32] concluding that the teaching of star divination did not qualify as the promotion of faith.[33] [34] In February 2011, the Bombay Loftier Court referred to the 2004 Supreme Court ruling when it dismissed a instance which had challenged astrology'south status as a science.[35] Equally of 2014,[update] despite standing complaints by scientists,[36] [37] astrology continues to be taught at various universities in India,[34] [38] and there is a movement in progress to establish a national Vedic University to teach astrology together with the report of tantra, mantra, and yoga.[39]

Indian astrologers have consistently made claims that have been thoroughly debunked by skeptics. For case, although the planet Saturn is in the constellation Aries roughly every 30 years (e.chiliad. 1909, 1939, 1968), the astrologer Bangalore Venkata Raman claimed that "when Saturn was in Aries in 1939 England had to declare war against Germany", ignoring all the other dates.[forty] Astrologers regularly neglect in attempts to predict ballot results in Republic of india, and neglect to predict major events such as the assassination of Indira Gandhi. Predictions by the head of the Indian Astrologers Federation about war betwixt India and Pakistan in 1982 also failed.[xl]

In 2000, when several planets happened to be close to i another, astrologers predicted that at that place would be catastrophes, volcanic eruptions and tidal waves. This caused an entire bounding main-side village in the Indian country of Gujarat to panic and abandon their houses. The predicted events did not occur and the vacant houses were burgled.[41]

Texts [edit]

Time keeping

[The current yr] minus one,
multiplied by twelve,
multiplied by two,
added to the elapsed [half months of current twelvemonth],
increased by two for every 60 [in the dominicus],
is the quantity of one-half-months (syzygies).

— Rigveda Jyotisha-vedanga 4
Translator: Kim Plofker[42]

The aboriginal extant text on Jyotisha is the Vedanga-Jyotisha, which exists in 2 editions, one linked to Rigveda and other to Yajurveda.[43] The Rigveda version consists of 36 verses, while the Yajurveda recension has 43 verses of which 29 verses are borrowed from the Rigveda.[44] [45] The Rigveda version is variously attributed to sage Lagadha, and sometimes to sage Shuci.[45] The Yajurveda version credits no particular sage, has survived into the modern era with a commentary of Somakara, and is the more studied version.[45]

The Jyotisha text Brahma-siddhanta, probably composed in the 5th century CE, discusses how to use the motility of planets, sun and moon to keep time and calendar.[46] This text also lists trigonometry and mathematical formulae to support its theory of orbits, predict planetary positions and summate relative hateful positions of celestial nodes and apsides.[46] The text is notable for presenting very large integers, such as four.32 billion years every bit the lifetime of the current universe.[47]

The ancient Hindu texts on Jyotisha only talk over time keeping, and never mention astrology or prophecy.[48] These ancient texts predominantly embrace astronomy, but at a rudimentary level.[49] Technical horoscopes and astrology ideas in Republic of india came from Hellenic republic and developed in the early centuries of the 1st millennium CE.[50] [xix] [twenty] Later medieval era texts such as the Yavana-jataka and the Siddhanta texts are more astrology-related.[51]

Give-and-take [edit]

The field of Jyotisha deals with ascertaining time, peculiarly forecasting auspicious day and fourth dimension for Vedic rituals.[14] The field of Vedanga structured fourth dimension into Yuga which was a 5-year interval,[42] divided into multiple lunisolar intervals such as lx solar months, 61 savana months, 62 synodic months and 67 sidereal months.[43] A Vedic Yuga had 1,860 tithis ( तिथि , dates), and it defined a savana-mean solar day (civil mean solar day) from i sunrise to another.[52]

The Rigvedic version of Jyotisha may exist a afterwards insertion into the Veda, states David Pingree, possibly between 513 and 326 BCE, when Indus valley was occupied by the Achaemenid from Mesopotamia.[53] The mathematics and devices for time keeping mentioned in these ancient Sanskrit texts, proposes Pingree, such as the h2o clock may also have arrived in India from Mesopotamia. All the same, Yukio Ohashi considers this proposal as wrong,[19] suggesting instead that the Vedic timekeeping efforts, for forecasting appropriate time for rituals, must have begun much before and the influence may take flowed from India to Mesopotamia.[52] Ohashi states that it is incorrect to assume that the number of civil days in a year equal 365 in both Hindu and Egyptian–Persian year.[54] Farther, adds Ohashi, the Mesopotamian formula is different from the Indian formula for calculating time, each can only work for their respective latitude, and either would brand major errors in predicting fourth dimension and calendar in the other region.[55] According to Asko Parpola, the Jyotisha and luni-solar calendar discoveries in ancient Bharat, and like discoveries in China in "not bad likelihood result from convergent parallel evolution", and not from improvidence from Mesopotamia.[56]

Kim Plofker states that while a menses of timekeeping ideas from either side is plausible, each may take instead developed independently, because the loan-words typically seen when ideas drift are missing on both sides as far as words for various fourth dimension intervals and techniques.[57] [58] Further, adds Plofker, and other scholars, that the word of time keeping concepts are found in the Sanskrit verses of the Shatapatha Brahmana, a 2nd millennium BCE text.[57] [59] Water clock and sun dials are mentioned in many aboriginal Hindu texts such as the Arthashastra.[60] [61] Some integration of Mesopotamian and Indian Jyotisha-based systems may have occurred in a roundabout fashion, states Plofker, after the arrival of Greek astrology ideas in India.[62]

The Jyotisha texts present mathematical formulae to predict the length of solar day time, dominicus rise and moon cycles.[52] [63] [64] For instance,

The length of daytime = ( 12 + 2 61 due north ) {\displaystyle \left(12+{\frac {2}{61}}north\right)} muhurtas [65]
where n is the number of days after or before the winter solstice, and one muhurta equals 1⁄30 of a day (48 minutes).[66]

H2o clock
A prastha of h2o [is] the increment in twenty-four hours, [and] decrease in night in the [lord's day's] northern motion; vice versa in the southern. [In that location is] a six-muhurta [divergence] in a half year.

— Yajurveda Jyotisha-vedanga eight, Translator: Kim Plofker[65]

Elements [edit]

There are sixteen Varga (Sanskrit: varga , 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu star divination:[67] [ unreliable source? ] : 61–64

Rāśi – zodiacal signs [edit]

The Nirayana, or sidereal zodiac, is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees, which, similar the Sāyana, or tropical zodiac, is divided into 12 equal parts. Each role (of 30 degrees) is called a sign or rāśi (Sanskrit: 'part'). Vedic (Jyotiṣa) and Western zodiacs differ in the method of measurement. While synchronically, the 2 systems are identical, Jyotiṣa primarily uses the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are considered to be the stock-still background against which the motion of the planets is measured), whereas almost Western astrology uses the tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is measured against the position of the Sun on the spring equinox). Subsequently ii millennia, as a result of the precession of the equinoxes, the origin of the ecliptic longitude has shifted by about 22 degrees. As a result, the placement of planets in the Jyotiṣa arrangement is roughly aligned with the constellations, while tropical star divination is based on the solstices and equinoxes.

No. Sanskrit[68] Transliteration Starting Representation English Punjabi Bengali Kannada Gujarati Odia Telugu Tamil Malayalam Chemical element Quality Ruling Astrological Body
1 मेष Meṣa 0° ram Aries ਮੇਖ মেষ ಮೇಷ મેષ ମେଷ మేషము மேசம் മേടം Fire Chara (movable) Mars
2 वृषभ Vṛṣabha 30° balderdash Taurus ਬ੍ਰਿਖ বৃষ ವೃಷಭ વૃષભ ବୃଷ వృషభము ரிசபம் ഇടവം Earth Sthira (stock-still) Venus
3 मिथुन Mithuna threescore° twins Gemini ਮਿਥੁਨ মিথুন ಮಿಥುನ મિથૂન ମିଥୁନ మిథునము மிதுனம் മിഥുനം Air Dvisvabhava (dual) Mercury
four कर्क Karka 90° crab Cancer ਕਰਕ কর্কট ಕರ್ಕಾಟಕ કર્ક କର୍କଟ కర్కాటకము கடகம் കർക്കടകം H2o Chara (movable) Moon
5 सिंह Siṃha 120° lion Leo ਸਿੰਘ সিংহ ಸಿಂಹ સિંહ ସିଂହ సింహము சிம்மம் ചിങ്ങം Fire Sthira (stock-still) Sunday
6 कन्या Kanyā 150° virgin girl Virgo ਕੰਨਿਆ কন্যা ಕನ್ಯಾ કન્યા କନ୍ୟା కన్య கன்னி കന്നി Earth Dvisvabhava (dual) Mercury
seven तुला Tulā 180° residue Libra ਤੁਲਾ তুলা ತುಲಾ તુલા ତୁଳା తుల துலாம் തുലാം Air Chara (movable) Venus
8 वृश्चिक Vṛścika 210° scorpion Scorpio ਬ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਚਕ বৃশ্চিক ವೃಶ್ಚಿಕ વૃશ્ચિક ବିଛା వృశ్చికము விருச்சிகம் വൃശ്ചികം Water Sthira (fixed) Mars
9 धनुष Dhanuṣa 240° bow and pointer Sagittarius ਧਨੁ ধনু ಧನು ધનુષ ଧନୁ ధనుస్సు தனுசு ധനു Fire Dvisvabhava (dual) Jupiter
x मकर Makara 270° crocodile Capricorn ਮਕਰ মকর ಮಕರ મકર ମକର మకరము மகரம் മകരം Globe Chara (movable) Saturn
11 कुम्भ Kumbha 300° water-bearer Aquarius ਕੁੰਭ কুম্ভ ಕುಂಭ કુંભ କୁମ୍ଭ కుంభము கும்பம் കുംഭം Air Sthira (stock-still) Saturn
12 मीन Mīna 330° fishes Pisces ਮੀਨ মীন ಮೀನ મીન ମୀନ మీనము மீனம் മീനം H2o Dvisvabhava (dual) Jupiter

Nakṣhatras – lunar mansions [edit]

The nakshatras or lunar mansions are 27 equal divisions of the night sky used in Hindu astrology, each identified by its prominent star(s).[67] : 168

Historical (medieval) Hindu star divination enumerated either 27 or 28 nakṣatras. In modern astrology, a rigid arrangement of 27 nakṣatras is generally used, each covering thirteen° 20′ of the ecliptic. The missing 28th nakshatra is Abhijeeta. Each nakṣatra is divided into equal quarters or padas of 3° xx′. Of greatest importance is the Abhiśeka Nakṣatra, which is held as king over the other nakṣatras. Worshipping and gaining favour over this nakṣhatra is said to give power to remedy all the other nakṣatras, and is of concern in predictive astrology and mitigating Karma.[ citation needed ]

The 27 nakshatras are:[ citation needed ]

  1. Ashvini
  2. Bharni
  3. Krittika
  4. Rohini
  5. Mrighashirsha
  6. Ardra or Aarudhra
  7. Punarvasu
  8. Pushya
  9. Aslesha
  10. Magha
  11. Purva Phalguni
  12. Uttara Phalguni
  13. Hasta
  14. Chitra
  15. Swati
  16. Vishakha
  17. Anuradha
  18. Jyeshtha
  19. Moola
  20. Purvashada
  21. Uttarashada
  22. Shravana
  23. Dhanishta
  24. Shatabhishak
  25. Purva Bhadra
  26. Uttara Bhadra
  27. Revati

The junction of two rashis besides as Nakshatras is known as Gandanta.[69]

Daśās – planetary periods [edit]

The word dasha (Devanāgarī: दशा, Sanskrit, daśā , 'planetary menstruum') means 'state of existence' and it is believed that the daśā largely governs the state of beingness of a person. The Daśā organization shows which planets may be said to have become peculiarly agile during the period of the Daśā. The ruling planet (the Daśānātha or 'lord of the Daśā') eclipses the mind of the person, compelling him or her to act per the nature of the planet.

In that location are several dasha systems, each with its ain utility and area of application. There are Daśās of grahas (planets) besides every bit Daśās of the Rāśis (zodiac signs). The primary system used by astrologers is the Viṁśottarī Daśā system, which has been considered universally applicative in the Kali Yuga to all horoscopes.

The kickoff Mahā-Daśā is determined by the position of the natal Moon in a given Nakṣatra. The lord of the Nakṣatra governs the Daśā. Each Mahā-Dāśā is divided into sub-periods chosen bhuktis, or antar-daśās, which are proportional divisions of the maha-dasa. Further proportional sub-divisions can be fabricated, only error margins based on accuracy of the birth time grow exponentially. The next sub-sectionalization is chosen pratyantar-daśā, which can in plough be divided into sookshma-antardasa, which tin in turn be divided into praana-antardaśā, which can exist sub-divided into deha-antardaśā. Such sub-divisions also exist in all other Daśā systems.

Grahas – planets [edit]

The Navagraha (nava; Devanāgarī: नव, Sanskrit: nava , "nine"; graha; Devanāgarī: ग्रह, Sanskrit: graha , 'planet')[70]) depict the nine celestial bodies used in Hindu astrology:[67] : 38–51

No. Name (Vedic) Western equivalent
i. Surya Dominicus
2. Chandra Moon
3. Budha Mercury
4. Shukra Venus
5. Mangala Mars
six. Bṛhaspati, "Guru" Jupiter
vii. Shani Saturn
8. Rahu North node of the Moon
9. Ketu Due south node of the Moon

The Navagraha are said to be forces that capture or eclipse the mind and the conclusion making of man beings, thus the term graha. When the grahas are active in their Daśās or periodicities they are said to be especially empowered to direct the affairs of people and events.

Planets are held to signify major details[71] like profession, marriage and longevity.[72] Of these indicators, known equally Karakas, Parashara considers Atmakaraka near important, signifying broad contours of a person's life.[72] : 316

Rahu and Ketu correspond to the points where the moon crosses the ecliptic aeroplane (known as the ascending and descending nodes of the moon). Classically known in Indian and Western star divination every bit the "caput and tail of the dragon", these planets are represented as a serpent-bodied demon beheaded past the Sudarshan Chakra of Vishnu afterward attempting to swallow the sun. They are primarily used to calculate the dates of eclipses. They are described as "shadow planets" considering they are non visible in the dark sky. Rahu has an orbital cycle of xviii years, Ketu has an orbital bike of seven years and they are always retrograde in motion and 180 degrees from each other.

Gocharas – transits [edit]

A natal nautical chart shows the position of the grahas at the moment of nascency. Since that moment, the grahas accept connected to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This period of interaction is chosen gochara (Sanskrit: gochara , 'transit').[67] : 227

The study of transits is based on the transit of the Moon (Chandra), which spans roughly two days, and too on the move of Mercury (Budha) and Venus (Śukra) across the celestial sphere, which is relatively fast as viewed from Earth. The movement of the slower planets – Jupiter (Guru), Saturn (Śani) and Rāhu–Ketu — is e'er of considerable importance. Astrologers study the transit of the Daśā lord from various reference points in the horoscope.

The transit stage ever makes an impact on the lives of humans on globe which can exist positive or negative however as per the astrologers the bear on of transits can be neutralised with remedies.

Yogas – planetary combinations [edit]

In Hindu astronomy, yoga (Sanskrit: yoga , 'union') is a combination of planets placed in a specific relationship to each other.[67] : 265

Rāja yogas are perceived every bit givers of fame, condition and authority, and are typically formed by the association of the Lord of Keṅdras ('quadrants'), when reckoned from the Lagna ('dominant'), and the Lords of the Trikona ('trines', 120 degrees—commencement, fifth and 9th houses). The Rāja yogas are culminations of the blessings of Viṣṇu and Lakṣmī. Some planets, such as Mars for Leo Lagna, exercise not need another graha (or Navagraha, 'planet') to create Rājayoga, only are capable of giving Rājayoga past themselves due to their own lordship of the quaternary Bhāva ('astrological house') and the 9th Bhāva from the Lagna, the ii existence a Keṅdra ('angular firm'—first, quaternary, 7th and tenth houses) and Trikona Bhāva respectively.

Dhana Yogas are formed by the association of wealth-giving planets such as the Dhaneśa or the 2nd Lord and the Lābheśa or the 11th Lord from the Lagna. Dhana Yogas are also formed due to the auspicious placement of the Dārāpada (from dara, 'spouse' and pada, 'foot'—i of the four divisions—3 degrees and 20 minutes—of a Nakshatra in the seventh house), when reckoned from the Ārūḍha Lagna (AL). The combination of the Lagneśa and the Bhāgyeśa also leads to wealth through the Lakṣmī Yoga.

Sanyāsa Yogas are formed due to the placement of four or more grahas, excluding the Lord's day, in a Keṅdra Bhāva from the Lagna.

There are some overarching yogas in Jyotiṣa such every bit Amāvasyā Doṣa, Kāla Sarpa Yoga-Kāla Amṛta Yoga and Graha Mālika Yoga that tin can take precedence over Yamaha yogar planetary placements in the horoscope.

Bhāvas – houses [edit]

The Hindu Jātaka or Janam Kundali or nativity chart, is the Bhāva Chakra (Sanskrit: 'partitioning' 'cycle'), the complete 360° circumvolve of life, divided into houses, and represents a way of enacting the influences in the bicycle. Each house has associated kāraka (Sanskrit: 'significator') planets that can change the interpretation of a particular house.[67] : 93–167 Each Bhāva spans an arc of xxx° with twelve Bhāvas in whatever chart of the horoscope. These are a crucial part of any horoscopic study since the Bhāvas, understood as 'state of existence', personalize the Rāśis/ Rashis to the native and each Rāśi/ Rashi autonomously from indicating its true nature reveals its impact on the person based on the Bhāva occupied. The all-time way to written report the diverse facets of Jyotiṣa is to see their function in chart evaluation of actual persons and how these are construed.

Dṛiṣṭis [edit]

Drishti (Sanskrit: Dṛṣṭi , 'sight') is an attribute to an entire firm. Grahas cast simply forward aspects, with the furthest aspect existence considered the strongest. For instance, Jupiter aspects the 5th, 7th and 9th house from its position, Mars aspects the fourth, 7th, and 8th houses from its position, and its 8th house.[67] : 26–27

The principle of Drishti (aspect) was devised on the basis of the aspect of an army of planets as deity and demon in a war field.[73] [74] Thus the Sunday, a deity male monarch with only one full attribute, is more powerful than the demon king Saturn, which has three total aspects.

Aspects can exist bandage both past the planets (Graha Dṛṣṭi) and past the signs (Rāśi Dṛṣṭi). Planetary aspects are a function of desire, while sign aspects are a role of awareness and cognizance.

In that location are some college aspects of Graha Dṛṣṭi (planetary aspects) that are not limited to the Viśeṣa Dṛṣṭi or the special aspects. Rāśi Dṛṣṭi works based on the following formulaic structure: all movable signs aspect fixed signs except the one adjacent, and all dual and mutable signs aspect each other without exception.

See besides [edit]

  • Archaeoastronomy and Vedic chronology
  • Hindu agenda
  • Hindu cosmology
  • History of astrology
  • Indian astronomy
  • Jyotiḥśāstra
  • Nadi astrology
  • Panchanga
  • Synoptical star divination
  • Indian units of measurement

References [edit]

  1. ^ Thompson, Richard Fifty. (2004). Vedic Cosmography and Astronomy. pp. nine–240.
  2. ^ Jha, Parmeshwar (1988). Āryabhaṭa I and his contributions to mathematics. p. 282.
  3. ^ Puttaswamy, T.K. (2012). Mathematical Achievements of Pre-Modern Indian Mathematicians. p. 1.
  4. ^ Witzel 2001.
  5. ^ Pingree(1981), p.67ff, 81ff, 101ff
  6. ^ Samuel 2010, p. 81.
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  12. ^ Hartmann, P.; Reuter, G.; Nyborga, H. (May 2006). "The relationship between date of nascence and individual differences in personality and full general intelligence: A large-scale study". Personality and Individual Differences. xl (7): 1349–1362. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.eleven.017. To optimise the chances of finding even remote relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence nosotros farther applied two different strategies. The offset i was based on the common chronological concept of time (e.g. month of birth and flavor of birth). The second strategy was based on the (pseudo-scientific) concept of astrology (due east.grand. Sunday Signs, The Elements, and astrological gender), as discussed in the volume Star divination: Scientific discipline or superstition? by Eysenck and Nias (1982).
  13. ^ a b Monier Monier-Williams (1923). A Sanskrit–English Lexicon. Oxford University Press. p. 353.
  14. ^ a b c d James Lochtefeld (2002), "Jyotisha" in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. ane: A–M, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 0-8239-2287-1, pages 326–327
  15. ^ Kim Plofker 2009, pp. 10, 35–36, 67. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (assistance)
  16. ^ a b c d east f yard h i j k l yard n o Overflowing, Gavin. Yano, Michio. 2003. The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Malden: Blackwell.
  17. ^ Overflowing, p. 382
  18. ^ Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p. 385 ("The Yavanajātaka is the earliest surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and constitute the basis of all afterward Indian developments in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajātaka of Sphujidhvaja" p. v)
  19. ^ a b c Yukio Ohashi 1999, pp. 719–721. sfn error: no target: CITEREFYukio_Ohashi1999 (help)
  20. ^ a b Pingree 1973, pp. 2–3.
  21. ^ Erik Gregersen (2011). The Britannica Guide to the History of Mathematics. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 187. ISBN978-1-61530-127-0.
  22. ^ David Pingree, Jyotiḥśāstra (J. Gonda (Ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol Half dozen Fasc four), p. 81
  23. ^ Karma, an anthropological research, pg. 134, at Google Books
  24. ^ Zarka, Philippe (2011). "Astronomy and star divination". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Matrimony. 5 (S260): 420–425. Bibcode:2011IAUS..260..420Z. doi:10.1017/S1743921311002602.
  25. ^ "In countries such as Republic of india, where only a small intellectual aristocracy has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to retain here and at that place its position among the sciences." David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In Bharat; Astrology in modern times" Encyclopædia Britannica 2008
  26. ^ a b Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir Vigyan', Times of Republic of india, 3 September 2001 timesofindia.indiatimes.com
  27. ^ May three, TNN |; 2001; Ist, 11:15. "Heavens, information technology's not Science - Times of India". The Times of India . Retrieved 11 Nov 2020. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics Oct-Dec2001-9(4), issuesinmedicalethics.org Archived 27 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ^ T. Jayaraman, A judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 – Issue 12, Jun. 09 – 22, 2001 hinduonnet.com
  30. ^ T. Jayaraman, A judicial accident, Frontline Book xviii – Event 12, June 09 – 22, 2001 hinduonnet.com[usurped!]
  31. ^ Star divination On A Pedestal, Ram Ramachandran, Frontline Volume 21, Issue 12, Jun. 05 - 18, 2004
  32. ^ Introduction of Vedic astrology courses in varsities upheld, The Hindu, Thursday, May 06, 2004
  33. ^ "Supreme Court: Bhargava 5. University Grants Committee, Case No.: Appeal (ceremonious) 5886 of 2002". Archived from the original on 12 March 2005.
  34. ^ a b "Introduction of Vedic star divination courses in universities upheld". The Hindu. 5 May 2004. Archived from the original on 23 September 2004.
  35. ^ "Star divination is a scientific discipline: Bombay HC". The Times of India. 3 Feb 2011. Archived from the original on 6 Feb 2011.
  36. ^ "Integrate Indian medicine with modernistic science". The Hindu. 26 October 2003. Archived from the original on 13 November 2003.
  37. ^ Narlikar, Jayant Five. (2013). "An Indian Test of Indian Star divination". Skeptical Inquirer. 37 (2). Archived from the original on 23 July 2013.
  38. ^ "People seek astrological advise from Banaras Hindu University experts to tackle wellness problems". The Times of Republic of india. thirteen February 2014. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014.
  39. ^ "Set-up Vedic university to promote star divination". The Times of Republic of india. 9 February 2013. Archived from the original on ix February 2013.
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  41. ^ Narlikar, Jayant V. (2009). "Astronomy, pseudoscience and rational thinking". In Jay Pasachoff; John Percy (eds.). Teaching and Learning Astronomy: Constructive Strategies for Educators Worldwide. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–165. ISBN9780521115391 . Retrieved nineteen July 2015.
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  43. ^ a b Yukio Ohashi 1999, p. 719. sfn error: no target: CITEREFYukio_Ohashi1999 (aid)
  44. ^ Kim Plofker 2009, pp. 35–36. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (help)
  45. ^ a b c Pingree 1973, p. 1.
  46. ^ a b Kim Plofker 2009, pp. 67–68. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (aid)
  47. ^ Kim Plofker 2009, pp. 68–71. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (assist)
  48. ^ C. K. Raju (2007). Cultural Foundations of Mathematics. Pearson. p. 205. ISBN978-81-317-0871-2.
  49. ^ Friedrich Max Müller (1860). A History of Aboriginal Sanskrit Literature. Williams and Norgate. pp. 210–215.
  50. ^ Nicholas Campion (2012). Astrology and Cosmology in the World's Religions. New York University Printing. pp. 110–111. ISBN978-0-8147-0842-2.
  51. ^ Kim Plofker 2009, pp. 116–120, 259–261. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (assistance)
  52. ^ a b c Yukio Ohashi 1993, pp. 185–251. sfn error: no target: CITEREFYukio_Ohashi1993 (help)
  53. ^ Pingree 1973, p. 3.
  54. ^ Yukio Ohashi 1999, pp. 719–720. sfn mistake: no target: CITEREFYukio_Ohashi1999 (help)
  55. ^ Yukio Ohashi (2013). South.Grand. Ansari (ed.). History of Oriental Astronomy. Springer Scientific discipline. pp. 75–82. ISBN978-94-015-9862-0.
  56. ^ Asko Parpola (2013), "Ancestry of Indian Astronomy, with Reference to a Parallel Development in People's republic of china", History of Science in South Asia, Vol. i, pages 21–25
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  58. ^ Sarma, Nataraja (2000). "Diffusion of astronomy in the ancient world". Endeavour. Elsevier. 24 (iv): 157–164. doi:10.1016/s0160-9327(00)01327-2. PMID 11196987.
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  61. ^ Kauṭilya; Patrick Olivelle (Translator) (2013). King, Governance, and Police force in Ancient Bharat: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford Academy Printing. pp. 473 with note 1.vii.8. ISBN978-0-19-989182-5.
  62. ^ Kim Plofker (2008). Micah Ross (ed.). From the Banks of the Euphrates: Studies in Honor of Alice Louise Slotsky. Eisenbrauns. pp. 193–203. ISBN978-1-57506-144-3.
  63. ^ Kim Plofker 2009, pp. 35–40. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (assist)
  64. ^ Maurice Winternitz 1963, p. 269. sfn fault: no target: CITEREFMaurice_Winternitz1963 (help)
  65. ^ a b Kim Plofker 2009, p. 37. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKim_Plofker2009 (help)
  66. ^ Yukio Ohashi 1999, p. 720. sfn error: no target: CITEREFYukio_Ohashi1999 (help)
  67. ^ a b c d east f m Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Essentials of Vedic Astrology, The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England
  68. ^ Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin Books India. p. 89. ISBN978-0-14-341421-6.
  69. ^ Defouw, Hart; Svoboda, Robert E. (one October 2000). Calorie-free on Relationships: The Synatry of Indian Astrology. Weiser Books. ISBN978-1-57863-148-iii . Retrieved 1 December 2021.
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  71. ^ Raman, Bangalore V. (fifteen October 2003). Studies in Jaimini Astrology. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 6. ISBN978-81-208-1397-7. Each planet is supposed to exist the karaka or indicator of certain events in life
  72. ^ a b Santhanam, R. (1984). Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (vol. 1). Ranjan Publications. p. 319.
  73. ^ Sanat Kumar Jain, 'Star divination a science or myth', Atlantic Publishers, New Delhi.
  74. ^ Sanat Kumar Jain, "Jyotish Kitna Sahi Kitna Galat' (Hindi).

Bibliography [edit]

  • Ohashi, Yukio (1999). Andersen, Johannes (ed.). Highlights of Astronomy, Volume 11B. Springer Science. ISBN978-0-7923-5556-4.
  • Ohashi, Yukio (1993). "Development of Astronomical Observations in Vedic and postal service-Vedic India". Indian Journal of History of Science. 28 (iii).
  • Plofker, Kim (2009). Mathematics in India. Princeton Academy Press. ISBN978-0-691-12067-half dozen.
  • Pingree, David (1973). "The Mesopotamian Origin of Early Indian Mathematical Astronomy". Periodical for the History of Astronomy. SAGE. 4 (i): 1–12. Bibcode:1973JHA.....four....1P. doi:10.1177/002182867300400102. S2CID 125228353.
  • Pingree, David (1981). Jyotihśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature. Otto Harrassowitz. ISBN978-3447021654.
  • Raman, BV (1992). Planetary Influences on Homo Affairs. Southward Asian Books. ISBN978-8185273907.
  • Samuel, Samuel (2010). The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Cambridge University Printing.
  • Winternitz, Maurice (1963). History of Indian Literature. Vol. i. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN978-81-208-0056-4.
  • Witzel, Michael (25 May 2001). "Autochthonous Aryans? The Prove from Old Indian and Iranian Texts". Electronic Periodical of Vedic Studies. seven (3).

Further reading [edit]

  • Burgess, Ebenezer (1866). "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in the Nakshatra System of the Hindus". Journal of the American Oriental Gild.
  • Chandra, Satish (2002). "Religion and State in Bharat and Search for Rationality". Social Scientist
  • Fleet, John F. (1911). "Hindu Chronology". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 491–501.
  • Jain, Sanat K. "Astrology a scientific discipline or myth", New Delhi, Atlasntic Publishers 2005 - highlighting how every principle similar sign lord, aspect, friendship-enmity, exalted-debilitated, Mool trikon, dasha, Rahu-Ketu, etc. were framed on the ground of the ancient concept that Sun is nearer than the Moon from the Earth, etc.
  • Pingree, David (1963). "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Islamic republic of iran". Isis – Journal of The History of Science Club. pp. 229–246.
  • Pingree, David (1981). Jyotiḥśāstra in J. Gonda (ed.) A History of Indian Literature. Vol VI. Fasc 4. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
  • Pingree, David and Gilbert, Robert (2008). "Astrology; Astrology In Republic of india; Astrology in mod times". Encyclopædia Britannica. online ed.
  • Plofker, Kim. (2008). "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology". Encyclopædia Britannica, online ed.
  • Whitney, William D. (1866). "On the Views of British indian ocean territory and Weber Respecting the Relations of the Hindu and Chinese Systems of Asterisms", Periodical of the American Oriental Society
Popular treatments
  • Frawley, David (2000). Astrology of the Seers: A Guide to Vedic (Hindu) Star divination. Twin Lakes Wisconsin: Lotus Press. ISBN 0-914955-89-6
  • Frawley, David (2005). Ayurvedic Astrology: Self-Healing Through the Stars. Twin Lakes Wisconsin: Lotus Printing. ISBN 0-940985-88-eight
  • Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Essentials of Vedic Astrology. The Wessex Astrologer, Ltd.: Britain. ISBN 1902405064

External links [edit]

  • Hindu astrology at Curlie

maceexture.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_astrology

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